Effect of different control strategies on rapid cold start-up of a 30-cell proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack

Many places experience extreme temperatures below −30 °C, which is a great challenge for the fuel cell vehicle (FCV). The aim of this study is to optimize the strategy to achieve rapid cold start-up of the 30-cell stack at different temperature conditions. The test shows that the stack rapidly starts within 30 s at an ambient temperature of −20 °C. Turning on the coolant at −25 °C show stability of the cell voltage at both ends due to the end-plate heating, however, voltage of intermediate cells fluctuates sharply, and successful start-up is completed after 60 s. The cold start strategy changes to load-voltage cooperative control mode when the ambient temperature reduced to −30 °C, the voltage of multiple cells in the middle of the stack fluctuate more drastic, and start-up takes 113 s. The performance and consistency of the stack did not decay after 20 cold start-up experiments, which indicates that our control strategies effectively avoided irreversible damage to the stack caused by freeze-thaw process.     

腔磁力系统中的诱导透明和快慢光传播

为了在腔磁力系统中实现可控的磁子诱导透明、磁力诱导透明以及快慢光传播,建立了一个混合腔磁力系统.该系统由一个含有YIG球的微波腔和在z方向对球施加一个均匀的偏置磁场组成,并用强泵浦场驱动磁子和弱探测场驱动微波腔.研究表明,通过调节腔与磁子之间的相互作用强度和微波腔与磁子的耗散比,可以增加磁子诱导透明(MIT)、磁力诱导透明(MMIT)的效果和提高快慢光传播的速度.该研究结果可为磁力诱导放大、量子光学操纵和量子信息存储以及灵敏光开关的研究提供参考.     

慢刀伺服车削刀具半径定向补偿的分段逼近求解

复杂曲面的慢刀伺服车削加工过程中，采用刀具法向补偿算法会在各个直线轴产生补偿量，加工法向矢量突变的曲面时，这种算法并非最优，将补偿量只应用于负载较低的直线轴却是更优的选择。提出一种基于线段逼近的刀具半径定向补偿数值求解算法来求解定向刀位点，通过半径细分的策略使法向误差收敛。算法实例验证及与相关算法的对比结果显示，该算法适用于点云构成的曲面或分段曲面的刀具半径补偿。     

Efficient model selection for real-time adaptive cold start strategy of a fuel cell system on vehicular applications

The PEMFC maximum power is greatly influenced by subfreezing temperature and degradation phenomena. Therefore, a dependable model is required to estimate the power with respect to the variation of the operating conditions and state of health. Semi-empirical models are potent tools in this regard. Nonetheless, there is not much information about their cold environment reliability. This paper comprehensively compares the performance of some models (already tested in normal ambient temperature) in subfreezing condition to introduce the most reliable one for PEMFC cold start-up application. Firstly, seven models are compared regarding voltage losses and precision. Subsequently, the three most dependable ones are selected and experimentally compared at sub-zero temperature in terms of polarization curve estimation for three PEMFCs with different degradation levels. The results of this study indicate that the model introduced by Amphlett et al. has a superior performance compared to other ones regarding the characteristic's estimation in below-zero temperature.     

提升机启动操作中制动油泵软性停转的分析与排除

同一个多功能集控器件长期使用后，其不同故障程度对应有不同故障现象，为了加快现场技术管理人员对提升机疑难故障的有效排除进度，着重分析了制动油泵停转的控制通道，根据提升机启动操作中制动油泵停转后的排查处理结果，圈定了故障范围为变频控制器件。制动油泵在提升机启动操作中停转的不确定性，查找故障时整机电控系统处于非故障状态，接近更换变频主控板D6时启动提升机操作中制动油泵软性停转次数有所增多、启动中无发生制动油泵停转的全程提升未见异常，上述因素使制动油泵软性停转成为疑难杂症。故障现象恶化为每次操作至制动手把推向松闸位置制动油泵均停转，用梯形图确定D6故障是症结所在。对D6的自身故障精确定位功能且在变频控制柜人机界面RJ2显示故障信息认识不足，导致故障长时存在。此副井提升机有关人员应做到:对故障反映到位、深刻了解器件性能特征、透析有关动作过程后方可采取针对性措施、确定故障元件、最终排除故障。可恢复性的轻故障发生后必须采取相应措施，避免故障扩大导致停机延误提升。将变频就绪与故障的实时信息显示于司控台面，弥补了技改缺陷。     

缓冷出口温度对连续退火SPCC冷轧薄板屈服强度的影响

研究了缓冷出口温度对连续退火SPCC冷轧薄板组织和屈服强度的影响。结果表明:连续退火SPCC冷轧薄板的组织由等轴的铁素体晶粒和晶界处的块状渗碳体及晶粒内的颗粒状渗碳体组成。随着缓冷出口温度从680 ℃提高至700 ℃,平均晶粒尺寸从10.1 μm增加至12.5 μm;此外,提高缓冷出口温度还能够抑制晶界处块状渗碳体的形成,促进晶粒内细小渗碳体更加细小弥散的析出。当缓冷出口温度从680 ℃提高至700 ℃时,冷轧薄板的屈服强度约降低了28 MPa。     

织物表面导电线路喷射打印起始端凸起形成过程研究

为提高织物表面微滴喷射打印导电线路的成形质量,针对导电线路喷射打印过程中线路沉积形貌的起始端凸起现象,利用高速相机对线路成形过程进行采集,研究微滴间融合振荡过程中左右接触角的动态变化,微滴与线路融合以及液体向线路起始端的输送过程,提出线路起始端凸起的消除方案并进行实验。结果表明:在融合振荡过程中,微滴向起始端的振荡趋势始终大于向另一侧的振荡趋势,导致打印线路起始端的织物基板润湿区域不断扩大;微滴与线路接触后,其中一部分液体润湿织物基板拓展线路长度,一部分通过线路以恒定速度输送至起始端,在线路起始端形成凸起;利用抗坏血酸溶液润湿织物表面后,成形线路起始端凸起现象得到消除,整体线路路径均匀,沉积形貌良好。     

基于信号增强的缓慢泄漏检测方法

目前管道泄漏检测方法可有效检测突发泄漏，对于缓慢泄漏则存在检测灵敏度低、定位不准确等问题。基于此，提出了一种基于信号增强的缓慢泄漏检测方法。通过信号压缩（抽取及移位）克服缓慢泄漏压力信号下降平缓的缺点；根据声波信号具有波形尖锐突出、对突发泄漏敏感的优点，通过建立以压力为输入、虚拟声波为输出的声波信号变送器模型，将压力信号转换为声波信号，克服了泄漏压力信号容易被淹没在管道压力波动及背景噪声中的缺点，实现了缓慢泄漏信号的增强；利用临近插值方法重构虚拟声波信号，基于延时互相关分析实现了缓慢泄漏的准确定位。实验结果表明，该方法具有显著的信号增强效果和定位精度，实现了缓慢泄漏的准确检测。     

Inhibition of stress corrosion cracking in 304 stainless steel through titanium ion implantation

The effects of titanium ion implantation on the stress corrosion cracking (SCC) behaviour of 304 austenitic stainless steel were studied. Slow strain rate tests (SSRTs) were conducted on 304 steel in air and in 5?wt-% NaCl solution. The microscopic effects of ion implantation were evaluated by Stopping and Range of Ions in Matter Procedures (SRIM). Fracture morphologies and microstructures were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The fracture surfaces illustrate that ion implantation significantly inhibits the corrosion pits that initiate SCC. A dense passive film, which inhibits SCC, was formed during the ion implantation process. SCC initiation was restrained due to the dense dislocation nets that were generated by titanium ion implantation.

Highlights

• Ion implantation inhibits SCC susceptibility.

• The lack of Cr at the grain boundary leads to the expansion of SCC along the grain boundary.

• Implantation-induced damage leads to high-density dislocations.

• The surface was amorphised due to high-density dislocations.